晋略

《晋略》

晋太宗宣武帝实录33

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陈牧:寡人愿闻,何为将之弊,先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,为将之道有八弊焉,一曰贪而无厌,二曰嫉贤妒能,三曰信谗好佞,四曰料彼不自料,五曰犹豫不自决,六曰荒淫於酒色,七曰奸诈而自怯,八曰狡言而不以礼。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Iwonderwhatthegeneralshad?Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithinkasageneraltheyhaveeightflaws,First,insatiablegreed,Send,jealousyoftalents,Third,credulouslybelievevillainsandrumors,Fourth,donotactacrdingtoyourability,Fifth,indecisiveness,Sixth,ho

iesforfemalesexandalhol,Seventh,treacherousbutwardly,Eighth,cunningandimpolite。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:寡人闻,将骄多败,何也?先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,将不可骄,骄则失礼,失礼则人离,人离则众叛。将骄,则赏不行,赏不行则士不致命,士不致命则军无功。无功则国虚,国虚则寇实矣。《书》曰:如有周公之才之美,使骄且吝,其余不足观也已。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:I‘veheardthatgeneralsmostlyfailbecauseofpride,Sirtaughtmewhy?

xiaofan:Ithink,Thegeneralcannotbeproudorhewillberude,Ifyouarenotpolite,peoplewillalienateyou,Ifpeoplealienateyou,thensoldiersarepronetodefection,Thegeneralisnceitedanddoesnotrewardhissubordinates,thenthesoldierwillnotfighthard,Asaresult,thismakeswarsoftenlost,Oftenthisisthecasethentheuntrywillweaken,Eventuallyotheruntrieswillattackyou,Nomatterhowtalentedapersonis,ifheisnceitedandmiserly,thefinalresultisnotgood。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:寡人闻,行军严戒备,何也?先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,国之大务,莫先於戒备。若夫失之毫厘,则差若千里,覆军杀将,势不踰息,可不惧哉!故有患难,君臣旰食而谋之,择贤而任之。若乃居安而不思危,寇至而不知惧,此谓燕巢於幕,鱼游於鼎,亡不俟夕矣!《传》曰:不备不虞,不可以师。豫备无虞,古之善政。虿尚有毒,而况国乎?无备,虽众不可恃也。故曰,有备无患。故三军之行,不可无备也。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Ihaveheardthatwhentroopsaresent,theymuststrengthentheirvigilance,Sirtaughtmewhy?

xiaofan:Ibelievethatindealingwithmajornationalaffairs,wemustfirstbeonguard,Asmallmistakecanalsoaffecttheouteofthewar,Ituldleadtothedefeatofthewarandthedeathofthegeneralinaninstant,Itisnottoomuchtobecarefulandvigilant,Sothekingandhisministersplottedhard,andchosethewisementogivehimtheheavyresponsibility,Itistopreventmajormistakes,Ifyoudon‘tthinkaboutthedangersinpeacetime,Thenitwillbetoolatewhentheenemya

ives,Ifthereisnoalertbeforethetroopsaredispatched,itiseasytofaileveniftherearemoresoldiers,Therefore,itisimportanttobeonthealertbeforemakingadecisiononamajormatter。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:寡人闻,王者必有腹心之士,何也?先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为王者,必有腹心、耳目、爪牙。无腹心者,如人夜行,无所措手足:无手足者,如冥然而居,不知运动;无爪牙者,如饥人食毒物,无不死矣。故圣王治天下,必有博闻多智者为腹心,沈审谨密者为耳目,勇悍善敌者为爪牙。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Ihaveheardthatthekingmusthavehisowncronies,Sirtaughtmewhy?

xiaofan:Ithinkthekinghadcroniestohelpthemwiththings,Akingwithoutcroniesislikeamanwithoutsiblings,andthusunabletowalk,Akingwithoutcroniesislikehavingnominionsandstarvingtodeath,Therefore,whentheHolyKinggovernstheuntry,hemustregardthelearnedashiscronies,Treatcalmandprudentpeopleaseyesandears,Treat

aveandpowerfulpeopleaspawns。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:寡人愿闻,自勉之道,何也?先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,圣人则天,贤者法地,智者则古。骄者招毁,妄者稔祸,多语者寡信,自奉者少恩,赏於无功者离,罚加无罪者怨,喜怒不当者灭。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Iwanttoknowhowtoenuragemyself,Sirtaughtme?

xiaofan:IthinkThesaintsimitatetheheavens,thewiseimitatetheearth,andthetalentsimitatehistory,A

ogance

ingsdestruction,anda

ogance

ingsdisaster,Peoplewhotalkalotaregenerallydishonest,Selfishpeoplerarelyshowkindnesstotheirsubordinates,Rewardsaregiventothosewhohavenomeritandmoralewilldrop,Punishingthosewhoarenotsinfulwillthencauseresentment,Moodinessisallovertheplace,Itissoeasytosummondisastersleadingtodestruction。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:今司徒恺坐臧抵罪,寡人欲禁锢其二世可乎,先生以为如何?

萧凡:臣以为,春秋之义,善善及子孙,恶恶止其身,所以进人于善也。因藏而禁锢其子孙,以轻从重,惧及善人,非先王详刑之意也。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人知过矣。

chenmu:NowStuartKaihasmittedacrimebecauseof

uption,Iwanttoimprisonthemfortwogenerations,Sirwhatdoyouthink?

xiaofan:Ithink,Acrdingtothepreviousstandards,Rewardsaretobegiventofuturegenerations,andpunishmentisonlytooneself,Thisisdonetoguidepeopletowardgoodness,Thepunishmentforimprisoninghisdescendantsfor

uptionisabitheavy,Iamafraidthatthiswillaffectthegoodpeople,DoingsoisinnflictwiththestandardsoftheHolyKing。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。

陈牧:今大臣欲行三年之丧,寡人当如何处之?先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,三年之丧,礼义之方,大王听大臣终丧,圣功美业,靡以尚兹。《孟子》有言:‘老吾老,以及人之老;幼吾幼,以及人之幼,天下可运如掌。’臣愿大王登高北望,以甘陵之思,揆度臣子之心,则海内咸得其所。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。

chenmu:Nowsomeministersinsistonthreeyearsoffunerals,HowshouldIhandlethis?Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,Athree-yearfuneralistheultimateinetiquette,Itwasbenevolentforthekingtoallowtheministerstoinsistonthisritual,Theelderlywholovethemselvesmustalsolovetheelderlyofothers,Youloveyourownchildren,andyouhavetoloveotherpeople‘schildren,Thentheworldwillalsobeinfluencedbyyou,Ihopeyoucanunderstandpeople‘sremem

anceoftheirlovedones。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings

陈牧:今夏王病逝,其子初立,寡人欲因其丧而袭之,可乎?先生以为如何?

萧凡:臣以为,前夏王桀骜,大王不能讨,死而击之,非义也,且礼不伐丧,大王宜遣使吊问,因责让前罪,赦不加诛,取其后善,如不能化,发兵未迟。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人知过矣。

chenmu:NowKingXiahasdiedofillnessandhissonhasjustsucceededtothethrone,Iwanttotakeadvantageofthefuneraltolaunchanattack,Sirwhatdoyouthink?

xiaofan:Ithink,TheoldKingofXiaisunruly,butyoucannotcrusadeagainsthim,Itisnotmoralforyoutoattackhisfuneral,Moreover,acrdingtoetiquette,itisnotallowedtoattackthefuneralofothers,Youshouldsendmessengerstoexpressyourndolences,ndemnhispreviouscrimesandforgivehiminordertomakehim

ecthimself,Ifhedoesn‘tpromise,thenyousendtroopstoattackhim。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。

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